Control apparatus



' April 4, 1939. FISHER I 2,152,843

CONTROL APPARATUS Filed June 22, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet l April 4, 1939. FISHER 2,152,843

CONTROL APPARATUS Filed June 22, 1935 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Apr. 4, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFlCE common APPARATUS Delaware Application June 22, 1935; Serial No. 27,926

8 Claims.

The present invention relates to an improved method and system by which a condition or force may be maintained more nearly at the desired value than has been'possible by prior systems and methods. This invention is an improvement overthat disclosed and claimed in application Serial No. 532, filed by William M. Schweickart on January 5, 1935, now' United States Patent No. 2,093,649, granted September 21, 1937.

One of the objects of the present invention is the provision of a system for controlling the valueof a condition or force in which a condition or force changing device is controlled by the cooperative action of two devices, one of which responds to one condition or force and the other of which responds to changes in another condition or force produced directly by the condition or force changing means, or responds to changes in the effectiveness of the condition or force changing means, such changes having no definite relation to the actual value of the condition, force or effectiveness.

In the particular embodiment of the invention to be hereinafter described, the condition or force changing device takes the form of a temperature changer and particularly a heater, such as a boiler fired by any suitable means, for instance the well-known gas burner. The condition to which one of the control devices responds is a tempera ture condition and many well be the temperature ofthe space to be controlled. The other control device, in the case of a heating system, responds to changes in some condition directly produced by the heater such as changes in heater temperature or pressure, and in the specific embodiment of this invention this device responds to boilervwater temperature. In order to render this second control device responsive to changes as distinguished from actual values, it preferably comprises a control element such as a switch or a plurality of switches, that is associatedwith a device responsive to actual values through the mediumof. the well-known non-positive transmission means or slip frictional connection. 7 p I i A further object of the invention is .the provision of a new method for controlling the value of a condition or force which method includesthe steps oi placing a condition or force changing deviceintooperation when; a first condition or force reaches a given value, then maintaining operation of said condition or force changing dez'vice independently of said first condition or force untilthere is a predetermined change in a sec-.

vice independently of said first condition or force after controlling the condition or force changing device in accordance with the value of said first condition or force, and varying the effect of the first condition or force on the condition or force changing device. 5

A further object; of the invention is the provision of a new method for controlling the value of a condition or force which method includes the steps of placing a condition or force changing device into operation when a first condition orforce reaches a given value, then maintaining operation of said condition or force changing device independently of said first condition or force until there is a predetermined change in a second condition or force or in the efiectiveness of the condition or force changing device, and thereafter controlling the condition or force changing device in accordance with the value of said first condition or force, and controlling the condition or force changing device solely by the first condition or force when said first condition or force assumes a given value.

Afurther object of the invention is the provision of a new method for controlling the value of a condition or force which method includes the steps of placing a condition or force changing device into operation when a first condition or force reaches a given value, then maintaining operation of said condition or force changing deuntil there is a predetermined change in a'second condition or force or in the efiectiveness of the condition orforce changing device, and thereafter controlling the condition or force changing device in accordance with the value of said first condition or force, and preventing control of the condition or force changing device when the second condition or force assumes a given value.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a condition or force changing system in which a conditioner force changing device is placed in operation by a first control device responsive to actual values of a first condition or force and is then-maintained in operation by means of a second control device responsive to changes in another condition or force, or responsive to changes in th efiectiveness of the condition or force changing device. In the disclosed embodiment of the invention, the control of the condition or force changing device is returned to the first control device after the other condition or force or the effectiveness of the condition or force changing device has changed in one direction a predetermined amount. Also, preferably, the arrangement is such that the first control device is in- 55 capable of placing the condition or force changing device in operation until the other condition or force, or the effectiveness of the condition or force changing device has changed at least a predetermined amount in the opposite direction. Further,-the arrangement is such that after the first control device is permitted to place the condition or force changing device in operation, the control device is adjusted or interrupted in its control of the force changing device by a timing mechanism.

Further objects and advantages of invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reference to the accompanying specification, claims and drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic showing of one form of my system constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a front view of one of the control devices used in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 33 of Fig. 2, and

as comprising a boiler |8 which is provided with the usual stack pipe Although any firing means may be used, the boiler 8 is shown as being fired by. gas which is supplied to the boiler from some source not shown by means of a pipe |3. The supply of gas to the boiler |8 through the pipe I3 is controlled by a solenoid valve l2 of usual design. The boiler l8 operates to supply a fluid heating medium to a radiator l4 located in the space to be heated by means of a supply pipe IS. The fluid medium after passing through the radiator l4 returns to the boiler l8 by means of a return pipe I 6. It will be understood that this showing of the boiler l8 and radiator I4 is merely exemplary of one type of condition or force changing device or temperature changing means and that others could be substituted therefor without departing from the spirit ofthis'invention. It will be further understood that this heating system should be supplied with the usual fixtures, such as traps, etc., as is well-known in the art. v

The solenoid valve I2 is primarily controlled by a condition or force responsive device indicated generally at l1, herein shown in the form of a thermostatic switch that preferably responds to the temperature of the space being heated. The solenoid valve I2 is additionally controlled by a control device generally indicated at l8, which responds to changes in another condition or force, or responds to changes in the effectiveness of the boiler l8 and is herein shown as comprising a slip friction switching mechanism responsive to changes in the temperature of. the boiler water.

Turning now to Figs. 2 and 3, the slip friction switching mechanism, generally indicated at I8,

comprises a casing 28 of substantially square configuration. To the rear of casing 28 is secured a cylindrical mounting member 2|, there being a washer or spacer 22 interposed between the cylindrical mounting member 2| and the rear wall of the casing 28. The cylindrical mounting member 2| may be secured to the rear wall of casing 28 in any suitable manner such as by peening over a reduced portion which extends through the casing 28 as indicated at 23. The outer end of mounting member 2| is providedwith a reduced portion 24 over which is placed a tubular member 25, the tubular member 25 being secured to the mounting member 2| by any suitable means such as by brazing. The tubular member 25 has a portion of its surface stamped inwardly to provide a pair of flanges 26 and 21. A torsion rod 28, having one of its ends terminating within casing 28, extends through mounting member 2| and is provided with a reduced portion 29 which extends through flange 26 and terminates between flanges 26 and 21. A metallic block 38 is suitably secured to the end of reduced portion 29. One end of a bimetallic helically coiled element 3| is secured to tubular member 25 by means of a screw 32, whereas its other end is secured to metallic block 38 by means of a screw 33. Excessive axial movement of torsion rod 28 towards the left (as viewed in Fig. 3) is prevented by engagement of block 38 with the flange 26 while excessive axial movement in the other direction is prevented by a cotter pin 34 which extends through torsion rod 28 at a point just within the casing 28. Preferably, a washer 35 is placed between cotter pin 34 and the inside surface of the back wall of casing 28. 1

Just within the casing 28, a stop member 36 is secured to torsion rod 28 by means of a set screw 31. The torsion rod 28 further carries a switch operating arm 48 that is loosely mounted thereon. On each side of this switch operating arm 48 is placed friction washers 4| and 42. Movement of friction washer 4| to the left is prevented by a nut 43 which is threaded upon a reduced terminal portion 44 of torsion rod 28. The friction washer 42 is received by a cup 45. The switch actuating arm 48 is resiliently clamped between the friction washers 4| and 42 by a coiled compression spring 46 which is held by a pair of spring retainers 41 and 48, one of which abuts Y the cup 45 and the other of which abuts the stop member 36. It will therefore be seen that the switch actuating arm 48 is frictionally connected to the torsion rod 28 whereby it may normally move in conformity with the movements of the torsion rod 28 but further movement of torsion rod 28 is allowed when switch actuating arm 48 reaches the limit of its motion in either direction.

In the lower portion of casing 28, a bracket 58 is secured by means of screws 5|. This bracket 58 supports a pair of adjustable stop screws 52 and 53 which respectively cooperate with stop members 54 and 55 that are formed by bending over portions of the switch actuating arm 48. By adjusting these stop screws 52 and 53, the switch actuating arm 40 can be limited to varied ranges of movement. The switch actuating arm 48 is further provided with a bent over portion 56 to which is secured three switch arms 51, 58 and 59. It will be noted that the switch arms 51, 58 and 59 are provided with suitable backing members 68, 6| and 62. The arrangement is such that these various switch arms and backing membars are electrically insulated one from the other.

The switch arm 51 cooperates with a contact screw 63, the switch arm 58 cooperates with a contact screw 64, and the switch arm 59 cooperates with a contact screw 65. The contact screws 63, 64 and 65 are all supported by brackets 58 and are insulated therefrom in any suitable manner. The arrangement is such that switch arms 51 and 58 engage their contact screws 63 and 64 upon movement of the switch actuating arm 48 in clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 2, whereas contact arm 59 engages its contact screw 65 upon counterclockwise rotation of switch actuating arm 48 as viewed in the same figure.

As shown in Fig. 1, the bimetallic element 3| is subjected to the temperature of the boiler water in the boiler l8. Theparts are shown in Fig. 2 in the position they assume after there has been a predetermined drop in boiler water temperature. Upon an increase in boiler water temperature, switch arm 51 is first moved from engagement with its contact screw 63 by its backing member 68.. The switch arm 59 then engages its contact'screw 65 and thereafter switch arm 58 is disengaged from its contact screw 64 by its backing member 6|. Upon continued rise in boiler water temperature the stop member 55 engages stop screw 53 whereby further movement of switch actuating arm 48 is prevented but further movement of torsion rod 28 is allowed by reason of the slip friction connection heretofore described. Switch arm 59 will flex away from its backing member 62 to permit this additional movement of switch actuating arm 48.

Upon .a decrease in boiler water temperature, stop member 55 will leave stop screw 53 and, as the boiler water temperature continues to fall, the switch arm 58 will engage its contact screw 64, .after which it will be flexed slightly so that it moves away from its backing member 6| a small amount. During this time, the backing member 62 has been moving towardsswitch arm 59 and upona continued boiler water temperature fall, the backing member 62 will move switch arm 59 from engagement with contact screw 65. Upon continued temperature fall contact arm 51 will flex away from its backing member 88. It will ben'oted that the provision of backing members 68, 6| and 62. while allowing flexing of switch arms 51, 58 and 59 upon engagement with their respectively contact screws 63, 6 4 and 65, provide for moving these switch arms 51, 58 and 59 from engagement with the respective contacts in a definite order determined by the adjustment of contact screws 63, 64 and 65. Upon slight further boiler water temperature fall, the stop member-54 engages stop screw 52 whereupon further rotation of switch operating arm 48 is prevented but the heretofore described slip connection allows coningarm 66 and consequently the mercury tube 88 are positioned in direct response to the temperature value of the boiler water. The mercury switch clip 61 is so positioned with respect tothe depending arm 66 that the mercury tube 68 will be tilted to an open or circuit breaking position when the boiler water temperaturerises to a predetermined high value. "In other words, the mercury switch 68 performs a high limit control function.

- The control device I1 located in the space to be heated, comprises a bimetallic element 18, carrying switch arms II and 12. The switch arm 1| is adapted to engage a contact 13, and the switch arm I2 is adapted to engage a contact 14. Upon an increase in room temperature aifecting the bimetallic element I8, the switch arms. 1| and 12 are moved to the right, as viewed in Fig. 1, and ,upon a decrease in the room temperature the switch arms 1| and 12 are moved to the left. The contacts 13 and 14 are so adjusted-that the distance between the switch arm 1| and the contact I3 is less than the distancebetween the switch arm 12 and'the contact 14. By reason of this relationship, upon a decrease in room temperature to say 72, the switch arm 1| engages the contact 13 and upon a further decrease in room temperature to, say the switch arm 12 engages the contact 14. Located in close proximity to the bimetallic element 18, is an electric heater which is adapted at certain times to heat the bimetallic element 18 to move the switch arm 1i out of engagement with its contact 13.

A relay coil 18 is adaptedto control switch arms 11 and 18 so that upon energization of the relay coil 16 the switch arms 11 and 18 aremoved into engagement with contacts 19 and 88 respectively. Upon deenergization of. the relay coil 16 the switch arms 11 and 18 are moved out of engagement with the contacts 19 and 88 by means of gravity or springs or other means, not shown.

Line wires leading from some source of power, not shown, are designated at 84 and 85. A primary 86 of a step-down transformer 81 having a secondary 88, is connected across the line wires 84 and 85. One end of secondary 88 is connected by means of wires 89 and 98 to the bimetallic element I8 of the controller H. The contact I4 which 00- operates with the switch arm 12, is connected by a wire 9i to one end of the relay coil 16. The other end of the relay coil 16 is connected by a wire 92 to the other end of secondary 88, The contact 13 which cooperates with the switch arm II, is connected by a wire 93 to one end of the electric heater 15. Theother end of the electric heater 15 is connected by a wire 94 to one of the electrodes of the mercury switch 68, the other electrode of the mercury switch 68 being connected by a wire 95 to the switch arms 51 and 59 of the controller I8. The contact 63, which cooperates with the switch arm 51, is connected by a wire 96 to the switch arm,11, which in turn is connected by a wire 91 to the junction of wire 9| and the relay coil'16. The contact 19, which cooperates with the switch arm 11, is connected by wires 98 and 99 to the switch arm 58 of the controller l9. The contact 65 of the controller I8 is connected by a wire I88 to the junction of wires 98 and 99. The contact 64 of the controller I8 is connected by a wire IM 'to the junction of wires 89 and 98. The line wire 84 is connected by a wire I85 to the contact '88, which is associated with the switch arm 18, and the latter is connected by a wire I86 to the solenoid valve I2. The solenoid valve I2 is also connected by a wire I81 to the line wire 85 so thatwhen the switch arm '18 is moved into engagement with the contact 88,

the solenoid valve I2 is energized and opened to supply fuel to fire the boiler l8. When contact between the switch arm 18 and contact 88 is broken, the solenoid valve I2 is deenergized and closed to prevent the further firing of the boiler With the parts in the position shown in Fig. 1, the room or space temperature is at or above the desired value since the switch arms 1| and 12 are disengaged from their contacts 13 and 14. The boiler water temperature, however, has dropped the predetermined amount since switch arms 51 and 58 are engaged with their respective contact screws 63 and 64 and switch arm 59 is disengaged from its contact screw 65. The

boiler water temperature will continue to fall but the parts of the switching mechanism l8 will stay in the positions shown. After a time, since the boiler I8 is not being fired, the room or space temperature willfall to a value, say 72, so as to bring the switch arm 1| into engagement with the contact 13. When contact is established between these two elements a circuit is completed from the secondary 88 through wires 89 and 98, bimetallic element 18, switch arm 1I, contact 13, wire 93, electric heater 15, wire 98, mercury switch 68, wire 95, switch arm 51, contact screw 83, wires 96 and 91, relay coil 18 and wire 98 back to the secondary 88. Completion of this circuit causes energization of the relay coil 18 to move the switch arms 11 and 18 into engagement with their respective contacts 19 and 88.

Movement of switch arm 18 into engagement with the contact 88 causes firing of boiler III, with a consequent supply of heat to the space to be heated. Movement of the switch arm 11 into engagement with the contact 19 completes a holding or maintaining circuit from the secondary 88 through wires 89 and MI, contact screw 89, switch arm 58, wires 99 and 98, contact 19, switch arm 11, wire 91, relay coil 16 and wire 92 back to secondary 88. Completion of this circuit main tains the relay coil 18 energized even though the switch arm H of the controller I I should move out of engagement with its contact I3. This maintaining circuit for maintaining the relay coil 18 energized shunts the energizing circuit through the heater 15 so that the heater 15 is not energized to heat the bimetallic element 18 to move the switch arm 1.I out of engagement with its contact 13.

Since the relay coil is now energized to cause firing of the boiler I8, the boiler water tempera- -ture begins to rise to break contact between the switch arm 51 and the contact screw 88. The relay coil 16, however, will remain energized by reason of the above outlined maintaining circuit. Upon a further rise in boiler water temperature, due to continued firing of the boiler- I8, switch arm 59 moves into engagement with contact screw 65, the switch arm 58 and the contact 88 still being in engagement. If the room thermostat I1 is still calling for heat so that the ilexible switch arm H is in engagement with the contact 18, movement of the switch arm 59 into engagement with the contact 85 completes a circuit from the secondary 88 through wires 89 and 98, bimetallic element 18, switch arm 1I, contact 18, wire 98, heater 15, wire 94, mercury switch 88, wire 95, switch arm 59, contact screw 55, wire I88, wire 98,-contact 19, switch arm 11, wire 91, relay coil 16, andwire 92 back to the secondary 88. Completion of this circuit, however, does not cause heating of the heater 15 since the relay coil 18 is still maintained enegized by the above referred to maintaining circuit which shunts out .the heater 15. Therefore the boiler is still maintained fired by the above referred to maintaining circuit.

Upon a further rise in boiler water temperature the switch arm 58 is moved out of engagement with the contact 84, which breaks the.

above referred to maintaining or shunting circuit, but the relay coil 18 remains energized by the circuit through the heater 15 and through the switch arm 59 and the contact screw 85. reason of the breaking of this maintaining or shunting circuit upon this further rise in boiler water temperature, the heater 15 is energized and,

after a given time, determined by the resistanceof the heater and by the temperature of thespace to be heated, the switch arm H is moved out of engagement with the contact 18. This causes de-.

energization of the relay coil 18 with the consequent movement of switch arms 11 and 18 out of engagement with their respective contacts 19 and 88. Movement of switch arm 18 out of engagement with the contact 88 prevents the further firing of the boiler I8, and stops the further supply of heat to the space to be heated. Movement of switch arm 11 from engagement with its contact 19 prevents energization of relay coil 18 until the boiler water temperature has fallen a predetermined amount so as to move the switch arm 51 into engagement with its associated contact screw 88. 'When the switch arm II has moved again into engagement with the contact 18, and when the switch arm 51 has moved into engagement with its contact 83, the above cycle of operation will be repeated. By having the electric heater 15 raise the temperature of the bimetallic element 18 so as to prematurely break contact between the flexible switch arm II and its asso ciated contact I8 in the manner pointed out above, any anticipating function is performed whereby the firing of the boiler is stopped prematurely so that the residual or latent heat stored in the boiler and the radiators may bring the temperature of the space to be heated up to the normal value. Therefore the heater 15, cooperating with the bimetallic element I8 during this portion of the cycle of the operation, acts as a timing mechanism and prevents over-shooting of the space temperature. If, however, the

.latent heat stored in the heating system is not sufficient to bring the temperature up to normal,

temperature within the space to be heated rises to 70 to maintain the switch arm II and the contact 13 disengaged.

'If the boiler water temperature becomes abnormally high, the high limit mercury switch 58 is moved to an off or circuit opening position which prevents energization of the relay coil 16 by engagement of switch arm II with its associated contact 18.

If the room temperature should fall below 70, or should be below 70 as the result of a night shut-down, the switch arm 12 engages with its contact 19. Movement of the switch arm 12 into engagement with the contact 14 completes a circuit from the secondary 88 through wires 89 and 98, bimetallic element 18, switch arm 12, contact 14, wire 9|, relay coil 18, and wire 92 back to the secondary 88. Completion of this circuit energizes the relay coil 18 and causes firing of the boiler I8 to supply heat to the space to be heated to restore the temperature thereof to normal. This circuit maintains the boiler in a fired condition, regardless of the position of the parts of the controller, I8, so that the temperature of the room or space to be heated is quickly brought up to 78, at which time contact between the switch arm 12 and the contact 14 is broken. The system will then cycle back and forth under the control of the switch arm 1| and its contact 13 and under the control of the controller I8 in the manner pointed out above.

Referring now to Fig. 4, I have shown a modified form of my invention which utilizes the same controller I8 responsive to changes in boiler water temperature, the same room thermostat I1, re-

is heated by a heater I I2 juxtapositioned with respect thereto. The bimetallic element II I carries a contact II3 which is adapted to engage a stationary contact II4. Upon energization of the heater I I2, the bimetallic element III is flexed to break contact between the contacts H3 and I I4.

After the heater H2 is deenergized, the bimetallic element I I I moves back to its normal position to make contactbetween the contacts 3 and H4.

One end of the secondary 88 is connected by a wire I28 to one of the electrodes in the mercury switch 68, the other electrode being connected by wires I2I and I22 to the contact I3. The other contact I4 of the room thermostat I1 is connected by a wire I23 to one end of the relay coil I6. The other end of the relay coil I6 is connected by a wire I24 to the other end of the secondary 88. The bimetallic element'18 of the room thermostat II is connected by a wire I25 to the stationary contact II4 of the thermal electric switch H8. The bimetallic element I I I is connected by a wire I26 to the switch arms 51 and 59 of the controller I8. The switch arm 58 of the controller I8 is connected by wires I21 and I28 to the contact I8. The switch arm II, which cooperates with the contact I9, is connected by a wire I29 to the junction of wire I23 and the relay coil I6. Switch arm II is also connected by a wire I38 to the contact screw 63 of the controller I8. The contact screw 64 is connected by a wire I3I to the junction of wires I2I and I22. One end of the heater II 2 is connected by a wire I32 to the junction of wires I21 and I28 and the other end of the heater H2 is connected by a wire I33 to the contact screw 65 of the controller I8. The ther-- mostat II of this modification, as in the previous modification, is so adjusted that contact will be established between the switch arm II and the contact I3 at 72, and between the switch arm I2 and the contact I4 at 70.

With the parts in the position shown, the room or space temperature is above 72 and the boiler water temperature has dropped the predetermined amount since switch arms 51 and 58 are engaged with their respective contact screws 63 and 64 and the switch arm 59 is disengaged from its contact screw 65. The electromagnetic valve I2 is closed and the boiler is not being fired-so the temperature of the room or space to be heated decreases. When the temperature decreases to 72, the switch arm II is moved into engagement with the contact I3 to complete a circuit from the room or space to be heated by energizing valve I2 by the circuit described in connection with Fig. 1. Energizatio'n of the relay coil I6 also moves the switch arm 11 into engagement with the contact I9 to complete a circuit-from the secondary 88 through wire I28, mercury switch 68, wire I2I, wire I3I, contact screw 64, switch arm 58, wires I2I and I28, contact I9, switch arm 11, wire I29, relay coil I6, and wire I24 back to the secondary 88. Completion of this circuit maintains the relay coil 16 energized, regardless of the position of the switcharm II with respect to its contact 13.

By reason of the firing of the boiler, the boiler water temperature increases and causes contact between the switch arm 59 and the contact 65 to be 'made and cause the switch arm 51 to separate from the contact 63. At this point the switch arm 58 is still maintained in engagement with its contact 64. Movement of the switch arm 59 into engagement with the contact 65 completes a circuit from the secondary 88 through wire I28, mercury switch 68, wires I2I and I22, contact I3, switch arm II, bimetallic element I8, wire I25, contacts H4 and H3, bimetallic element III, wire I26, switch arm 59, contact 65, wire I33,

heater I I2, wires I32 and I28, contact I9, switch arm I'I, wire I29, relay coil I6, and wire I24 back to the secondary 88. Completion of this circuit, however, does not cause immediate energi'zation of the heater II2 since the heater I I2 is shunted by the above referred to maintaining circuit completed through the switch arm 58 and the contact 64 of the-controller I8.

Upon a furtherrise in boiler water temperature, due to the continued firing of the boiler, the switch arm 58 moves out of engagement with the contact 64 to break the above referred to maintaining or shunting circuit to cause energization of the heater I I2 and consequent heat- After a predeter-.

contact II3 out of engagement with thecontact II4, to breakthe last described circuit to demergize the relay coil I6. The solenoid valve I2 thereupon closes, and prevents the further supply of heat to the room or space to be heated except for that heat already present in the system. From-this it is seen that the thermal electric switching mechanism acts as a timing mechanism and may stop firing of the boiler before theroom temperature is brought back up to 72,

ever, this residual or latent heat remaining the heating system is nots'ufficient to bring the v temperature of the space totbe heated up to nor- J mal, the above cycle of operation is repeated after the boiler water temperature" has decreased a pre determined amount as determined by the setting of the controller I8.

As in the previous modification provision is made for continually firing the boiler when the room temperature is below 70, regardless of the positions oi the parts of the controller I8. When the room temperature falls below 70 a circuit is completed from the secondary 88 through wire I28, mercury switch 68, wires I2I and I22, contact I3, switch arms II and I2, contact I4, wire I23, relay coil I6 and wire I 24 back to the secondary 88. Completion of .this circuit ca uses energization of the relay coil 16 and consequent firing of the boiler until the room temperature is restored to 70", at which time contact between the switch arm I2 and the contact I4 is broken. The system then cycles in the manner above described until the room temperature is brought up to 72.

.In contradistinction to the previous modification, the high limit-mercury switch 68 is posi-l tioned in both circuits controlled by the room thermostat I! so that if the boiler water temperature becomes abnormally high, firing of the boiler is prevented regardless of the room temperature.

From the above it is seen that I have provided a control system for a condition or force changing device for placing the condition or force changing device in operation when a first condition or force reaches a given value, then maintaining operation of the condition or force changing device independently of the first condition or force until there is a predetermined change in a second condition or force, or in the effectiveness of the condition or force changing device, thereafter controlling the condition or force changing device in accordance with the value of the first condition or force, varying or interrupting thissubsequent control in response to the first condition or force, controlling the condition ,or force changing device solely by the first conditions or forces can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and I therefore intend to be limited only by the scope of the app'ended'claims and the prior art.

I claim as my invention:

1.- In a temperature changing system, in combination, a temperature changer, means for controlling the operation of said temperature changer, a main controlling thermostat, a secondary thermostat responsive to a condition directly produced by said temperature changer, connections between said thermostats and temperature controlling means for placing the latter into operation, connections between said secondary thermostat and temperature controlling means for maintaining the latter in operation independently of said main controlling thermostat, connections between said thermostats and temperature changer controlling means for returning the control of the latter to said main controlling thermostat, and means for automatically varying the control of said temperature changer controlling means by said main controlling thermostat when said main thermostat is' in control of said temperatur changer. v

2; In a temperature changing system, in combination, a temperature changer, means for controlling .the operationof said temperature changer, a main controlling thermostat, a secondary thermostat responsive to a condition directly produced by said temperature changer, connections between said thermostats and temperature controlling means for placing the latter into operation, connections between said secondary thermostat and temperature controlling means for maintaining the latter in operation independently of said main controlling thermostat, connections between said thermostats and temperature changer controlling means for returning the control of the latter to said main controlling thermostat, and means in said last mentioned connections for varying the control of said temperature changer controlling means by said main controlling thermostat.

3. In a temperature changing system, in combination, a temperature changer,-means for controlling the operation of said temperature changer, a main controlling thermostat, a secondary thermostat responsive to a condition directly produced by said temperature changer, connections between said thermostats and temperature controlling means for placing the latter into operation, connections between said secondary thermostat and temperature controlling means for maintaining the latter in operation independently of said main controlling thermostat, connections between said thermostats and temperature changer controlling means for returning the control of the latter to said main controlling thermostat, and means for interrupting the control of said temperature changer controlling means by said main controlling thermostat whenv said main thermostat is in control of the temperature changer.

4. In a temperature changing system, in combination, a temperature changer, means for controlling the operation of said temperature changer, a main controlling thermostat, a secondary thermostat responsive to a condition directly produced by said temperature changer, connections between said thermostats and temperature controlling means for placing the latter into operation, connections between said second-' ary thermostat and temperature controlling me'ans'for maintaining the latter in operation independently of said main controlling thermostat, connections between said thermostats and temperature changer controlling means for returning the control of the latter to said main controlling thermostat, and connections between said main controlling thermostat and said temperature changer controlling means for controlling the latter independently of said secondary thermostat.

5. In a temperature changing system, the combination' of, temperature changing means for a space, a. thermostat responsive to variations in space temperature, a controller responsive to the condition of said temperature changing means, means controlled by the thermostat and the controller for placing the temperature changing means in operation upon a call for temperature change by the thermostat, for thereafter maintaining the temperature changing means in operation independently of the thermostat until the condition of the temperature changing means has changed a predetermined amount and for thereafter returning the control of the temperature changing means to the thermostat to maintain the temperature changing means. in operation until the thermostat is satisfied, and means operative upon returning of the control of the temperature changing means to the thermostat for prematurely stopping operation of the temperature changing means.

6. In a heating system, the combination of,

heating means for heating a space, a thermostat responsive to variations in space temperature, a controller responsive to the condition of 'the heating means, means controlled by the thermostat and the controller for placing the heating means in operation upon a call for heat by the thermostat, for thereafter maintaining the heating means in operation independently of the thermostat until the condition of the heating means has changed a. predetermined amount and for thereafter returning the control of the heating means :to the thermostat to maintain the heating'means in operation until the thermostat is satisfied, an auxiliary heater for the thermostat, and means operative upon returning of the control of the heating means to the thermostat for energizing the auxiliary heater for prematurely stopping operation of the heating means. I

by the thermostatic switch, means for thereafter tions in the condition of the heating means,

means for completing a starting circuit through the thermostatic switch, the switching means and the electromagnetic means upon a call for heat completing a holding circuit through the switching means, the maintaining switch and the electromagnetic means for maintaining the heating means in operation until the condition of the heating means changes a predetermined amount, means for thereafter completing a maintaining circuit through the thermostatic switch, the

maintaining switch' and the' electromagnetic means for maintaining the heating means in operation until the thermostatic switch is satisfied, and means operative upon completing oi the maintaining circuit for prematurely interruptingthe maintaining circuit to stop prematurely the operation of the heating means.

8. In a heating system, the combination of, heating means for heating a space, electromagnetic means for operating the heating means when energized and including a maintaining switch closed upon energization of the electro- 5 magnetic means, a thermostatic switch operated in response to variations in space temperature a i and closed upon a decrease in space temperature, switching means operated in response to variations in the condition of the heating means, 10

means for completing a starting circuit through the thermostatic switch, the switching means and the electromagnetic means upon a call for heat by the thermostatic switch, means for thereafter completing a holding circuit through the switch- 15 ing means, the maintaining switch and the electromagnetic means for maintaining the heating means in operation until the condition of the heating means changes a predetermined amount,

means for thereafter completing a maintaining circuit through the thermostatic switch, the

.maintaining switch and the electromagnetic means for maintaining the heating means in operation until the thermostatic switch is satisfied, and an auxiliary heater for the thermostat located in said maintaining circuit and energized upon completion of the maintaining circuit for prematurely stopping operation of the heating means.

' GEORGE FISHER. 

